In order to facilitate the pipeline transportation of Liaohe heavy oil, the water separation rate and viscosity reduction rate are two important research parameters. Influence mechanism of the types and mass fractions of surfactants, organic alkalis and the Ca²⁺ on stability and rheology of Liaohe heavy oil emulsion were investigated through the viscosity reduction experiments of heavy oil emulsification . The results of the study indicate that different surfactants have diverse molecular structures, which would induce different properties at oil?water interface, leading to greater differences in the rheology and stability of the emulsion. Amphoteric surfactant LAO?30 was used to configure the Liaohe heavy oil O/W emulsion, its water separation rate and viscosity reduction rate decrease with the increasing of the mass fraction of LAO?30. The surfactant LAO?30 mixed with organic alkali, such as TEA, ETA, and TEOA, shows synergistic effect of the two components and improves the stability of the emulsion. Considering the viscosity reduction rate, water separation rate, and environmental protection of the emulsion, the optimized quality fraction of 0.20% ETA and 0.75% LAO?30 are selected. The emulsions obtained by emulsificating have a great improvement in the resistance to hard water. When the mass fraction of CaCl₂ reaches 0.20%, the water separation rate within 6 hours of the emulsion is 24.4%.

Out?of?plane instability is one of the common instability forms of arc?shaped arched spanning pipelines. In this work, the ANSYS software was used to simulate the impact of wind and vertical distributed load on arc?shaped arch pipes under normal conditions. The influence of the arch foot displacement on the limit vertical distributed load is analyzed by finite element calculation. The analysis results show that the horizontal displacement of the arch foot has the greatest impact on the limiting vertical distributed load, which will rapidly decrease the displacement, the limiting vertical distributed load decreases linearly with the increase of wind load under the same horizontal arch foot displacement, and under different wind loads, the limiting arch plane displacement of the arch is concentrated within a certain range of the horizontal displacement of the arch toe, which can be used to monitor the arch tube deformation. Based on the above results, this work provides a certain reference basis for the design and safely operating of the crossing pipeline.